There various frameworks for deploying orchestration systems in HPC. The underlying systems usually require some containerisation platform (container engine). In HPC systems these frameworks must be rootless.
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Usernetes (Gen2) deploys a Kubernetes cluster inside Rootless Docker, so as to mitigate potential container-breakout vulnerabilities. Supports rootless Docker and Podman natively.
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minikubedeploys local Kubernetes clusters (not possible to deploy across multiple machine like with Usernetes).minikubecan be installed without root privileges (compile from source or download binaries with conda). It supports rootless Docker, CRI-O, containerd, but not Podman fully yet.
Container engines often used as backend in HPC include
- rootless Docker
- Podmand
- udocker
- Charliecloud
- Apptainer/Singularity
Both Flux and Slurm (Slinky) support deployment of orchestration tools.